In the mitochondrial inner membrane there are numerous ion channels and ion exchangers which are involved in the transport of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, protons, phosphates and other ions. The proton motive force is then used by ATP synthase to synthetize ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate. ![]() The major function of the mitochondrial inner membrane is the formation of the electrochemical proton gradient, known as proton motive force, utilizing the energy produced by burning fats and sugars. The outer membrane acts as a molecular sieve, while the inner membrane is ion-selective. ![]() The mitochondrial matrix is surrounded by two membranes.
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